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水上城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展設(shè)計(jì)——Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)
a precedent for building on water: mareterra eco-district completes in monaco
由專筑網(wǎng)韓慧慧，小R編譯
Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)位于摩納哥，由Renzo Piano建筑工作室的建筑設(shè)計(jì)師Valode et Pistre 和景觀設(shè)計(jì)師Michel Desvigne聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)。該生態(tài)區(qū)是首個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)在水上的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市建筑，預(yù)計(jì)2024年12月完工。該項(xiàng)目場(chǎng)地用地約為國(guó)有土地面積的3%，項(xiàng)目通過(guò)向周邊擴(kuò)展6公頃的場(chǎng)地面積來(lái)重塑摩納哥的海岸線。Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)具有可持續(xù)性、創(chuàng)新性和公益性等特征，一旦建成，將成為摩納哥沿海開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的新地標(biāo)，也會(huì)成為該地區(qū)歷史上的新里程碑。
摩納哥是一個(gè)小國(guó)家，土地資源有限，但Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)在建造中完美的解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。該生態(tài)區(qū)建造前先進(jìn)行海岸填埋，然后在填埋的土地上進(jìn)行建造，該生態(tài)園區(qū)內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)有Le Renzo住宅、公園、濱海長(zhǎng)廊、碼頭和商業(yè)部分。該生態(tài)區(qū)的一半?yún)^(qū)域都對(duì)外開(kāi)放，可以讓居民和游客在場(chǎng)區(qū)內(nèi)的休閑空間中得到放松。采用這種設(shè)計(jì)方法主要是國(guó)家為了平衡城市現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系。
The newly completed Mareterra project in Monaco, designed by Valode et Pistre Architectes, Renzo Piano Building Workshop, and landscape architect Michel Desvigne, is a groundbreaking example of sustainable urban expansion on water. Officially opening to the public in December 2024, this ambitious land reclamation initiative enhances Monaco’s coastline by adding six hectares to its territory — approximately 3% of the Principality’s total land area. Mareterra’s completion marks a milestone in Monaco’s history of coastal development, with a focus on sustainability, innovation, and public benefit.
Mareterra addresses the geographic constraints of Monaco, a small nation with limited land for expansion. Built entirely on reclaimed land, the district integrates the Le Renzo residences, public parks, a seaside promenade, a marina, and commercial spaces. Half of its area is reserved for public use, ensuring that residents and visitors alike benefit from accessible green and leisure spaces. This urban design approach reflects the Principality’s commitment to balancing modern development with environmental preservation.
images © Hufton + Crow Photography
Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)是建筑技術(shù)與環(huán)境保護(hù)策略的結(jié)合體，內(nèi)部有多種海洋生物，例如海浪蛤和大型珍珠母等，均是由海洋生物學(xué)家、潛水員和其他專家合作遷移過(guò)來(lái)的。在建筑內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)有防混濁玻璃幕和合理的疏浚時(shí)間，使得施工周期變短。生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)還設(shè)計(jì)有海洋生物棲息地，增加了生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)的物種多樣性。
Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)項(xiàng)目遵循了生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)原則，與摩納哥的2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和目標(biāo)相符。該生態(tài)區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略有海水熱循環(huán)系統(tǒng)（用于加熱和冷卻）、雨水收集系統(tǒng)（用于灌溉）以及大型太陽(yáng)能電池板裝置系統(tǒng)（可滿足該地區(qū)40%能源需求）。生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)有種植屋頂，場(chǎng)地內(nèi)有1公頃的松樹(shù)林，內(nèi)部種植有1千多棵樹(shù)木，增加了生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)部的生物多樣性，在建筑與生態(tài)之間保持平衡。
From the outset, Mareterra has been a testbed for innovative construction techniques and environmental safeguards. Marine biologists, pers, and other specialists collaborated to relocate and protect marine species such as posidonia and large nacres. Anti-turbidity screens and carefully timed dredging minimized sediment disturbance during construction, while underwater caissons were engineered to double as habitats for marine life, fostering biopersity in the reclaimed area.
Mareterra exemplifies eco-design principles, aligning with Monaco’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Key sustainability features include a seawater thalasso-thermal loop for heating and cooling, rainwater collection systems for irrigation, and extensive solar panel installations supplying 40% of the district’s energy needs. Green roofs, a one-hectare pine forest, and the planting of over 1,000 large trees further contribute to biopersity and ecological balance.
位于摩納哥的Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)完工時(shí)間為2024年12月，比原計(jì)劃提前6個(gè)月
Monaco’s Mareterra land reclaimation project opens December 2024, six months ahead of schedule
Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)由世界知名建筑師Valode et Pistre設(shè)計(jì)，除場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃外，還設(shè)計(jì)了Jardins d'Eau和Colline區(qū)域內(nèi)的展覽空間和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。Renzo Piano建筑事務(wù)所還設(shè)計(jì)了Le Renzo住宅和港口規(guī)劃，Michel Desvigne設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)了場(chǎng)地內(nèi)部景觀，景觀由城市元素和自然元素共同組成。除以上設(shè)計(jì)師外，還有Foster + Partners、Stefano Boeri Architetti和Tadao Ando等設(shè)計(jì)師為該生態(tài)區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)提供了思路，使得生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)的建筑類型更加豐富。
Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)建成之后將會(huì)使得摩納哥的文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施增多，其中增加了10000m2的Grimaldi論壇面積，10000m2中的6000m2是展覽空間，其余面積有冥想空間、藍(lán)色洞穴(海洋觀察區(qū))和步行長(zhǎng)廊等功能，該設(shè)計(jì)可以促進(jìn)社區(qū)居民與游客之間的互動(dòng)，增加文化多樣性。
Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)一旦建成將會(huì)成為全球可持續(xù)土地開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目的范例。該項(xiàng)目為應(yīng)對(duì)海平面上升的危險(xiǎn)，嚴(yán)格按照抗震等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)，將成為沿海區(qū)域的典型案例。該項(xiàng)目中使用的沉箱技術(shù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)措施使得海洋環(huán)境在未來(lái)充滿希望。
The design of Mareterra showcases contributions from world-renowned architects. Valode et Pistre Architectes shaped the overall urban layout and designed the Jardins d’Eau and Colline districts, which include public infrastructure and exhibition spaces. Renzo Piano Building Workshop contributed to the design of the Port district and the Le Renzo residential building, while Michel Desvigne orchestrated the landscape design, blending urban and natural elements. Other notable contributors include Foster + Partners, Stefano Boeri Architetti, and Tadao Ando, whose designs for residential villas enrich the district’s architectural persity.
Mareterra expands Monaco’s cultural infrastructure with an additional 10,000 square meters for the Grimaldi Forum, including 6,000 square meters dedicated to exhibitions. Public amenities such as meditation spaces, the Blue Grotto — a marine observation area — and a pedestrianized promenade ensure that the district offers something for everyone, fostering community engagement and cultural enrichment.
Mareterra’s success sets a precedent for sustainable land reclamation projects worldwide. Designed with anti-seismic standards to address the risks of rising sea levels, the project is a forward-thinking solution to urbanization in coastal regions. Its innovative use of caisson technology and environmental protocols offers valuable insights for future developments in marine environments.
▲ 該項(xiàng)目完美的解決了城市擴(kuò)張問(wèn)題和海平面上升的危險(xiǎn)
the project addresses urban growth and rising sea levels through innovative coastal construction
▲ Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)建成之后將會(huì)為摩納哥增加6公頃的土地面積，其中包含有城市公園和碼頭
Mareterra adds six hectares to Monaco with pedestrian-friendly promenades parks and a marina
▲ 該生態(tài)區(qū)由Renzo Piano建筑事務(wù)所的Valode et Pistre建筑師和Michel Desvigne景觀設(shè)計(jì)師聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)
architects Valode et Pistre, Renzo Piano, and Michel Desvigne lead the design of this eco-district
▲ 該項(xiàng)目中的可持續(xù)發(fā)展措施有太陽(yáng)能電池板裝置系統(tǒng)、海水加熱系統(tǒng)和雨水收集系統(tǒng)
sustainability measures include solar panels, seawater heating systems, and rainwater collection
▲ 該生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)規(guī)劃有1公頃的樹(shù)林，種植的是本地樹(shù)種，增加了生態(tài)區(qū)的綠化率，促進(jìn)了生物多樣性
a one-hectare park with native trees enhances greenery and promotes biopersity
▲ 該項(xiàng)目中使用了水下沉箱技術(shù)，目的是保護(hù)海洋生物多樣性和維護(hù)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡
underwater caissons were designed to preserve biopersity and support marine ecosystems
項(xiàng)目信息：
項(xiàng)目名稱：Mareterra生態(tài)區(qū)
建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Renzo Piano建筑事務(wù)所（簡(jiǎn)稱RPBW）的建筑師
場(chǎng)地構(gòu)架（項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）：Valode et Pistre設(shè)計(jì)師
項(xiàng)目位置：摩納哥
工程設(shè)計(jì)：Bouygues Travaux
景觀設(shè)計(jì)：Michel Desvigne
完工時(shí)間：2024年12月
攝影：Hufton + Crow
project info:
name: Mareterra | @mareterramonaco
architecture (Le Renzo building): Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW) Architects | @rpbw_architects
architecture (project plan, infrastructure): Valode et Pistre | @valodeetpistre
location: Monaco
engineering: Bouygues Travaux
landscape architect: Michel Desvigne | @micheldesvignepaysagiste
completion: December 2024
photography: © Hufton + Crow Photography | @huftonandcrow
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